History

This 2 year old Dwarf Dutch rabbit has a history of chronic sneezing that is responsive to medication. Presented one month ago for decreased appetite; doing well today

Image Interpretation

CT of the abdomen – 

A moderate amount of urinary hyperattenuating sand is seen precipitating ventrally within the urinary bladder. Focal accumulations of sand are present within the urethra as well. There is no evidence of urinary bladder obstruction. Both kidneys present within normal limits for size, shape and organ architecture. After contrast administration a bilaterally symmetric and uniform nephro- and pyelogram isnoted.  The stomach and intestinal loops are mainly fluid filled. The position, delineation and wall of the gastrointestinal tract are considered within normal limits throughout.

DX

Non-obstructive urinary bladder and urethral calculi; fluid-filled GI tract

Outcome

otherwise structurally normal abdomen. Consider dietetic management in case of clinical evidence of maldigestion or dysuria.