This 1 year old MN Bernese Mountain Dog has a 7 month history of on and off lameness on both front legs
Physical Exam: WNL
This 1 year old MN Bernese Mountain Dog has a 7 month history of on and off lameness on both front legs
Physical Exam: WNL
This 1 year old MN Bernese Mountain Dog has a 7 month history of on and off lameness on both front legs
Physical Exam: WNL
This 1 year old MN Bernese Mountain Dog has a 7 month history of on and off lameness on both front legs
Physical Exam: WNL
CT of the elbows, pelvis and stifles –
Right elbow:
An isolated and mildly displaced wedge shaped fragment is seen at the tip of the
medial coronoid process (MCP). The base of the MCP reveals marked sclerosis. There
is a mild radioulnar step formation. The humeroulnar joint space is asymmetric with
mild central widening. The radioulnar incisure is irregular in width with craniad
tapering. The subchondral bone of the humeral trochlea reveals a focus of sclerosis
apposed to the MCP. A subchondral bone defect is not seen. There are mild to
moderate osteophytes emerging from the periarticular margins.
Left elbow:
The MCP presents marked overall sclerosis with irregular outline and focally
decreased attenuation at its tip and towards the radioulnar incisure. An isolated
fragment or fissure is not seen. There is a mild radioulnar step formation. The
humeroulnar joint space is mildly asymmetric. The radioulnar incisure is irregular in
width and tapering cranially. Emerging osteophytes are noted at the periarticular
margins.
Shoulders:
There are no bony lesions noted. The subchondral bone of both humeral heads is even
and smooth.
The assessment of the soft tissues is limited to low signal to noise ratio. The biceps
tendon is seen continuously from its origin at the supraglenoid tubercle and within the
intertubercular groove. The bone surface of the intertubercular groove is even and smooth.
The supra- and infraspinatus tendons are within normal limits regarding their anatomy
and structure.
There is no evidence of a mass lesion within the brachial plexus region. The axillary
lymph node is within normal limits.
The computed tomographic findings are compatible with moderate right-sided
complex elbow joint incongruity with a long ulna and medial coronoid pathology with
a fragmented coronoid process. Moreover the findings indicate an emerging kissing
lesion of the humeral trochlea. Mild to moderate osteoarthritis is evident.
The findings of the left elbow are consistent with mild complex elbow joint
incongruity with long ulna and medial coronoid pathology without fragmentation or
fissuring. Yet the findings at the tip have been found to correlate with vitality of the
MCP tip arthroscopically. Emerging osteoarthritis is evident.
Note that this is a very typical form of elbow dysplasia in this breed. The left elbow
presents similar changes with milder development as compared with the right side.
Arthroscopic (arthrotomic) revision of the right elbow joint is recommended to remove
the isolated bone fragment. Corrective osteotomy techniques may be discussed to
address the joint incongruity although this is only mild in degree here.
For the left elbow joint, surgical therapy should be considered as well in case of
clinical signs.