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Portosystemic shunt in a 1 year old M Labrador Retriever Dog

Case Study

Portosystemic shunt in a 1 year old M Labrador Retriever Dog

A 7-month-old M Labrador Retriever dog was presented for a routine puppy visit as the owner had concerns that the hindquarter of the dog swaying while walking. Physical exam was unremarkable other than having a cryptorchid testicle. There were no significant findings on urinalysis and urine culture yielded no growth. CBC showed anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and basophilia. On blood chemistry hypoproteinemia, elevated AST, elevated ALT, and elevated ALP activity, elevated BUN, low creatinine, high BUN:creatinine ratio, and hyperphosphatemia were evident.

A 7-month-old M Labrador Retriever dog was presented for a routine puppy visit as the owner had concerns that the hindquarter of the dog swaying while walking. Physical exam was unremarkable other than having a cryptorchid testicle. There were no significant findings on urinalysis and urine culture yielded no growth. CBC showed anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and basophilia. On blood chemistry hypoproteinemia, elevated AST, elevated ALT, and elevated ALP activity, elevated BUN, low creatinine, high BUN:creatinine ratio, and hyperphosphatemia were evident. Patient was discharged on a course of antibiotics, metronidazole, liver protectants, pending Bile acids profile. Patient had elevated preprandial bile acids and elevated postprandial bile acids.

DX

Surgical biopsy of the liver was consistent with a portosystemic shunt.

Sonographic Differential Diagnosis

Splenoazygos or splenocaval shunt deriving from the portal vein at the region of the splenic vein finalizing into the thorax at the esophageal inlet either into the vena cava or the azygos vein. Atrophied left lateral liver and right medial liver. Possible concurrent low grade inflammatory hepatopathy.

Image Interpretation

The liver presented subnormal size primarily left lateral lobe atrophy and slight atrophy of the right lobes. A large portosystemic shunt likely a splenoazygos or deep splenocaval shunt was noted deriving from the area prior to the portal hilus in the region of the splenic vein as it reaches a juncture to the portal vein creating a large dilation at maximum width of 1.6cm coursing craniodorsally along the area of the esophageal inlet and entering the esophageal inlet into the thorax slightly ventral to the esophagus. This appeared to enter either into the thoracic portion of the caudal vena cava or the azygos vein in the thorax. This should be amenable to ameroid constrictor therapy. Concurrent liver biopsy would also be recommended given that mild increased portal markings were also noted. The preshunt CVC aortic ratio was 1:1. The post shunt ratio cranial to the area of where the shunt derives from the portal apparatus yields a residual portal vein of 0.58cm with an aortic and caval ratio of 1:1. No differential between the vena cava and aorta were noted is the abdomen. However it is difficult to assess where this shunt finalized as it appears to enter into the thoracic inlet prior to meeting the vena cava or the azygos vein. Ameroid placement at the area of the portal vein derivation should be adequate however this is an excessively large shunt at 1.6cm.

Outcome

Ameroid constrictor therapy and liver biopsy of the atrophied lobes was strongly recommended. Urinalysis showed a normal pH and specific gravity, a cloudy, yellow appearance, WBC (4-10), and moderate amorphous phosphates. Urine culture yielded no growth. Patient was sent to referral hospital to undergo repair of shunt, liver biopsy, cystotomy, and neuter with a unilaterally cryptorchid testicle. At sutures out appointment patient was found to be doing very well. A recheck bile acids profile several weeks later was completely normal.

Clinical Differential Diagnosis

Liver pathology: Portosystemic shunt, acute liver disease

Sampling

A full-thickness surgical biopsy of the liver was consistent with a portosystemic shunt.

Patient Information

Patient Name : Buddy T
Gender : Male, Intact
Species : Canine
Type of Imaging : Ultrasound
Book : yes
Status : Complete
Liz Wuz Here : Yes
Code : 03_00116

Images

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Blood Chemistry

  • Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP), High
  • ALT (SGPT), High
  • AST (SGOT), High
  • BUN high
  • BUN/Creatinine Ratio, High
  • Phosphorus, High
  • Post-Prandial Bile Acids, High
  • Pre-Prandial Bile Acids, High
  • Total Protein, Low

CBC

  • Basophils, High
  • Lymphocytes, High
  • Monocytes, High
  • RBC, Low
  • WBC, High