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Hepatocellular vacuolization and cholestasis in a 6 year old FS DSH cat

Case Study

Hepatocellular vacuolization and cholestasis in a 6 year old FS DSH cat

A 6-year-old FS DSH cat was presented for behavioral changes, polydipsia, and decreased appetite. Abnormalities on physical examination were marked dehydration, icteric mucous membranes, a pendulous and difficult to palpate abdomen, unkempt haircoat, flaking skin with matted hair, and severe dental disease. CBC showed low HCT, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia. On blood chemistry elevated ALT and elevated ALP activity, marked hyperbilirubinemia, mild hypercholesterolemia, and decreased CK were evident. Negative FELV, negative FIV, negative FIP, and toxoplasma assays were all negative.

A 6-year-old FS DSH cat was presented for behavioral changes, polydipsia, and decreased appetite. Abnormalities on physical examination were marked dehydration, icteric mucous membranes, a pendulous and difficult to palpate abdomen, unkempt haircoat, flaking skin with matted hair, and severe dental disease. CBC showed low HCT, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia. On blood chemistry elevated ALT and elevated ALP activity, marked hyperbilirubinemia, mild hypercholesterolemia, and decreased CK were evident. Negative FELV, negative FIV, negative FIP, and toxoplasma assays were all negative. T-4 was within normal range. The patient was treated with I.V. fluids, antibiotics, Ursodial, and supportive care. 24 hours later she began eating small meals, but 3 days later started to vomit uncontrollably. Follow up liver profile showed an improvement in the ALP activity, normalization of ALT activity, and ongoing hyperbilirubinemia. Anti-emetics were added to the therapy and the antibiotics temporarily discontinued. Three days later blood chemistry showed ongoing improvement in ALP activity, slightly decreased BUN, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Blood gases showed an alkalosis with elevated HCO3 and decreased tCO2, hypokalemia, and decreased chloride.

Sonographic Differential Diagnosis

Prominent hepatic lipidosis, possible inflammatory hepatopathy or emerging neoplasia.

Image Interpretation

The liver presented uniformly swollen hyperechoic parenchyma with mild uniform capsular distension. No masses were noted nor was there significant heterogeneity. The GB and CBD were unremarkable. This is most consistent with hepatic lipidosis with potential underlying infiltrative neoplasia or inflammatory hepatopathy but these were not structurally evident sonographically. No periportal lymphadenopathy was noted. Coagulation panel revealed a PT of 21 seconds and aPTT of 82 seconds and within normal limits.

DX

hepatocellular vacuolization and cholestasis.

Clinical Differential Diagnosis

Liver pathology: Hepatic encephalopathy- Acute liver failure, lipidosis, bile duct obstruction, bile peritonitis, neoplasia; Pancreatic pathology: pancreatic disease: acute pancreatitis, neoplasia; hemoplasmosis

Sampling

Fine-needle aspirates of the liver was performed with 25 gauge needles. Liver FNA and biopsy showed significant hepatocellular vacuolization and cholestasis.

Patient Information

Patient Name : Zoe L
Gender : Female, Spayed
Species : Feline
Type of Imaging : Ultrasound
Book : yes
Status : Complete
Liz Wuz Here : Yes
Code : 03_00113

Clinical Signs

  • "Not Doing Right"
  • Anorexia
  • Polydipsia

Exam Finding

  • Dehydration
  • Icterus
  • Poor or unkempt coat

Images

zoe_post_bxjpg_07182010085001

Blood Chemistry

  • Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP), High
  • ALT (SGPT), High
  • Cholesterol, High
  • CPK, Low
  • Total Bilirubin, High

CBC

  • Eosinophils, High
  • Hematocrit, Low
  • Lymphocytes, Low

Clinical Signs

  • "Not Doing Right"
  • Anorexia
  • Polydipsia